Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive, oxygen-containing molecules that are naturally produced as a byproduct of cellular metabolism. Under Read More...

NAD/NADH and NADP/NADPH

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides are abundant soluble cofactors that undergo reversible oxidation and reduction in major metabolic pathways. In cells they Read More...

Membrane Potential and Channels

Membrane potential is the difference in voltage between the interior and exterior of a cell. The membrane potential allows a Read More...

Intracellular Ions

The steady-state maintenance of disproportionate concentrations of inorganic cations and anions is a feature of living cells. Homeostatic regulation of Read More...

Intracellular pH

Intracellular pH plays an important modulating role in various cellular events, including cell growth, calcium regulation, enzymatic activity, receptor-mediated signal Read More...

G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCR)

G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are known as seven transmembrane spanning receptors or metabotropic receptors. They are the largest family of Read More...

Glutathione (GSH and GSSG)

Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide comprised of three amino acids L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid and glycine. It is involved in the Read More...

DNA and RNA

DNA and RNA Quantitation Accurate nucleic acid quantitation is an essential step in DNA and RNA sample preparation and regularly Read More...

Calcium Indicators

Cell-based calcium flux assays are widely used in high throughput screening (HTS) to determine agonist-stimulated and antagonist-inhibited signaling through G protein-coupled Read More...

Physiological Probes

Physiological probes investigate cellular pathways and activities by precisely measuring variations in targeted ions and biomolecules. Several physiological processes are Read More...

Rhodamines

Rhodamines are xanthene derivatives structurally related to fluorescein, but with additional chemical substitutions that shift their excitation and emission spectra to Read More...

Cluster of Differentiation (CD)

Cluster of differentiation (CD) are cell surface molecules expressed on the cells of the immune system, which play key roles Read More...